Suchergebnisse

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) policies, projects, and interventions are among the most prominent of recent attempts to mitigate climate change. Because REDD+ projects focus on forests, they simultaneously affect socioeconomic and ecological outcomes at local, subnational, national, regional, and global levels. This review assesses the promise of REDD+ for the continued ability of forests to provide multiple benefits to human societies at multiple scales. We survey REDD+ efforts at different levels, examining them through an actor-oriented approach. The article highlights the criticality of collaborative action to enhance desired outcomes of REDD+ efforts. In summarizing major REDD+ future trends, the paper emphasizes the need to learn from past forestry, agricultural, biodiversity, and development policies, and for adaptive policy making.

The implementation of a mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD - plus) will be affected by governance conditions within host countries. The top eight countries, which are responsible for 70 percent of the world's

The implementation of a mechanism for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD - plus) will be affected by governance conditions within host countries. The top eight countries, which are responsible for 70 percent of the world's total annual deforestation, have implemented certain forms of decentralization in public administration and forest management. This paper analyzes implications of decentralized forest management for the implementation of REDD. Three possible options for the involvement of local governments in the implementation of REDD are: 1) the central government decides on a national reference level and devolves the implementation to local governments; 2) the central government decides on a national reference level and seeks expressions of interest from local governments to implement REDD in their administrative areas; and 3) the central and local governments decide on a national reference level jointly and local governments implement REDD activities locally. This paper also highlights fiscal instruments for REDD revenue distribution.

Tesis Doctoral le?da en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid en 2011. Director de la Tesis: Pablo Mart?nez de Anguita ; The destruction of forests-principally in the tropics-emits massive amounts of carbon dioxide. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD)-a prime source of lowcost reductions of greenhouse gas emissions-in tropical forest nations could make a substantial contribution to addressing climate change. To date, large-scale forest protection efforts have been financed primarily by official development assistance, which are in most cases orders of magnitude lower than required. A better way-both in terms of economic efficiency and political plausibility-is to draw capital flows from the carbon market. Using the market as a source of funds can free billions in financial flows. However there is no place for these tons in existing carbon market policy frameworks. The goal of this dissertation is to shed light on the issues preventing "market-based REDD" from taking off, as well as to illustrate some potential solutions and paths forward. "Market-based REDD" would enable developing nations themselves to earn carbon credits for verified emissions reductions against an agreed national baseline and sell them in existing carbon markets. This would encourage emissions reductions in tropical forest nations while helping to manage the costs of compliance in countries that take on economy-wide caps. However, a prominent concern with market-based REDD has been that emissions reductions from forests will be so abundant as to "flood the carbon market". We use a multi-period partial equilibrium modeling approach to assess the impact of REDD tons in frameworks with long time horizons. We conclude that the long-term horizon, the progressive tightening of emission caps, and the possibility of banking enable a direct market-based funding mechanism to deliver financing at significant scale and absorb the maximum quantity of REDD credit tons, even in the near-term. Absent an overarching ...

Indonesia is engaging in the UN-backed Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation scheme (REDD+) to reduce its land-use-based greenhouse gas emissions. This paper begins with the assumption that REDD+ and general trends towards privatization of nature and conservation are impacting the ability of local communities to access land. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Jambi in 2012, I explore land access patterns in the context of Indonesia's emerging REDD governance framework. Initial findings show that, despite recent REDD-related forest governance reforms, land tenure issues remain unresolved. The results of fieldwork in the Harapan Rainforest area show that the reality on the ground is still characterized by overlapping and competing land claims backed by different authorities.

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries (REDD), an emerging international climate change mitigation mechanism, would compensate developing countries with threatened forests for their conservation and reforestation efforts. The implications of this new scheme for governments, forests, communities and their development are still unclear. The preparation for REDD that is taking place in many countries includes little concern for this mechanism's potential impacts on the rights and livelihoods of forest-dependent communities who have yet to be consulted. This paper analyzes both precedents and the current process of REDD readiness in Nepal, revealing discrepancies in forest governance that must be addressed before this carbon trading mechanism can successfully meet climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, or development goals. This paper finds that REDD readiness and policy formulation is being driven from the top down, with insufficient involvement and influence by local communities in planning and decision-making processes, and that a more adaptive, bottom-up approach is needed if REDD is to be economically beneficial, socially equitable, and environmentally sustainable in the long term.